Ancient Proteins Reveal Mysterious Human Relatives in Southwestern China

Denisovans are one of the most elusive branches of the human family tree. Scientists first identified them in 2010, when DNA from a tiny finger bone found in Denisova Cave in Siberia revealed a previously unknown group of ancient humans. Since then, researchers have confirmed only a handful of fossils outside Siberia as Denisovan—two jaws, a rib and a skull.

However, genetic evidence suggests Denisovans traveled widely. People in Southeast Asia and Oceania still carry Denisovan DNA. What was missing was fossil evidence from the region in between: southwestern China. Now, a new study published in Nature could fill that gap.

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The Template That Stayed Behind: Why DNA Removal After In Vitro Transcription Is Harder Than It Looks

In Vitro Transcription

Every in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction starts with DNA you put there on purpose. A linearized plasmid or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) template goes in, the polymerase does its work and a few hours later you have RNA, often a lot of it. The template’s job is done.

In theory, a quick DNase step takes care of the rest.

In practice, the template doesn’t always leave quietly.

The DNA you added is the hardest DNA to remove

In an IVT reaction, the DNA was added deliberately, often in microgram amounts. It sits in a buffer designed to make the polymerase as productive as possible, which is not the same as making DNase productive.

That’s the trade-off at the center of IVT cleanup. The easiest place to digest the template is the reaction tube, right after transcription, with no extra purification step. But IVT reactions carry high ionic strength and a crowded mix of other components, conditions that suppress the activity of many DNase I enzymes (1,2). The reaction is good at making RNA and bad at getting rid of what made it.

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Adapting a Cell-Based Immunoassay for HTS: From the Bench to a 7,000-Compound Screen 

High-throughput screening (HTS) has been a central approach in small-molecule drug discovery since the late 1980s. It gives researchers a systematic way to find hits: compounds that act on a target and can be refined into drug candidates. The assays used in those screens matter, and cell-based assays are especially valuable because they bridge biochemical assays and in vivo models. Biochemical assays give direct readouts but miss the cellular context, while in vivo models are informative, but costly and slow. Cell-based assays enable scientists to study signaling pathways, target modulation and cytotoxicity in a more native environment, at a practical scale. 

image of puprle and blue antibodies coming together to form a luminescent compelx (lumit assay)

Many cell-based screens depend on engineered reporter systems: cells genetically modified so a pathway of interest produces a measurable signal, such as light or fluorescence. These cell lines take significant time and effort to build and maintain, and because they’re modified, they may not reflect disease-relevant cell states. As drug discovery moves toward primary cells and patient-derived lines, assays that detect endogenous proteins without genetic manipulation become more appealing. Those assays work across more cell types and are faster to set up. 

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Where Science Meets Art: 30 Years of the Promega Art Showcase

On September 17, 2026, the Promega Art Showcase opened its fall exhibition, the 14th PhotoMidwest Biennial Juried Exhibition. Sixty-five photographs by photographers in 13 Midwestern states are on display in the Promega BioPharmaceutical Technology Center (BTC).

This exhibition opening marked another notable occasion – the Promega Art Showcase is honoring its 30th anniversary. Since 1996, Promega has hosted the showcase to celebrate the intersection of art and science. Dozens of professional artists have displayed their work at Promega, connecting Promega employees and the Madison-area community with exhibits exploring the human condition.

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Nitrile Gloves, Not Ribbons

Every October, the noise starts up again: it’s breast cancer’s turn for awareness. I brace for it a little every year. What bothers me isn’t the concept, it’s watching companies race to out-pink each other.

A pink ribbon on a shirt or a car can foster a certain amount of solidarity, but at the corporate level, the awareness noise is genuinely inescapable: a building lit up pink for the night, a pink yogurt lid, or a player running out onto the field in pink cleats. Many companies have run some version of the same campaign, and what actually happens to the profit from pink merchandise varies wildly: modest percentages, hard caps on total donations, or numbers that only recently moved after enough people asked questions.

In addition to the question of money is the question of effect: what does a company’s participation do? If the goal actually is awareness, I’ve never understood who remains unaware. It tends to generate goodwill instead, and the sometimes cynical among us might call that marketing, whether or not that’s the intent.

Here’s a sentence that’s true to me, one most people have their own version of: my sister had breast cancer. One in eight women in the U.S. will hear that diagnosis in her lifetime (though women aren’t the only ones who get it). So we are aware. We have been aware for a long time.

At one point, however, we actually needed awareness, in the literal sense of the word. When the American Cancer Society started its breast cancer awareness campaign in 1985, breast cancer was a disease people didn’t discuss in polite company, self-exams weren’t routine, and mammograms weren’t the norm they are now. Getting people to talk about it, check themselves, and get screened was a real, specific goal, and awareness did its job at the time. Last year marked the campaign’s fortieth anniversary, a point at which even the American Cancer Society’s own retrospective pointedly admitted: awareness alone isn’t enough anymore.

October runs on that word, awareness, as if noticing something were the same as solving it. As if on November 1st, we can dust off our hands, congratulate ourselves, and move on to the next color of the month. But breast cancer research doesn’t run on that calendar. Real, promising work has been happening. Learning about it might not change anything either, not directly, but it’s one step closer to what the American Cancer Society itself is now calling “Turning Awareness Into Action.”

More Than a Pretty Face

This starts, perhaps unexpectedly, with the axolotl, a foot-long Mexican salamander known for its perpetual smile and the feathery gills that fan out from its head like a spray of coral. The most common pet-store variety is also, conveniently for this piece, pale pink. It has become plastered across backpacks, folders, plush toys, and t-shirts. My nine-year-old niece and her friends are obsessed with them.

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The Parasite That Made Headlines This Summer: Cyclospora

Microscopic view of Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts under magnification, stained bright red. cyclosporiasis outbreak, foodborne parasites, intestinal infections. water pollution, concept idea

The United States just came through an unprecedented Cyclospora season (2, 7). Nearly 20,000 people were sickened, with the biggest cluster traced to recalled iceberg lettuce (2, 3). Which means somewhere a kid who refused to eat his greens is feeling extremely vindicated.

Cyclospora is not the pathogen most people picture when they think of summer stomach trouble. That is usually a bacterium like Salmonella or E. coli, or a virus like norovirus. Among parasites, Cryptosporidium, the leading cause of waterborne disease in the US and a familiar culprit in pool outbreaks, is the more common name (5). Which makes this season the exception: the rarer of the two parasites is the one that exploded, and the one the news zeroed in on this year.

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The Tilcayo: A Tiny, Scrunch-Faced Cat With a Complicated Family Tree

In 2017, Bolivian biologist Paola Nogales-Ascarrunz got a call from a wildlife sanctuary about what she later described to National Geographic as “a weird cat.” A local man found it as a kitten near Bolivia’s Yungas region, took it home, and spent about a year trying to feed it noodles, rice, and eggs before realizing this was no housecat. The animal was tiny, smaller than a domestic cat, with a scrunched-up face, round ears, and a coat covered in leopard-like spots.

Nogales-Ascarrunz, who leads Bolivia’s Felid Research Program, went to visit the cat and photographed it extensively. At the time, she assumed it was an unusual-looking member of Leopardus tigrinus, a species of small spotted tiger cat commonly found in Central and South America. It wasn’t until 2019, while preparing a guide to Bolivia’s cat species, that Nogales-Ascarrunz noticed something was different. The rosettes, or ring-shaped spots on its coat, were much larger than anything in her reference photos.

Tiger Cat, leopardus tigrinus, Adult standing in Long Grass (Adobe Stock Photo)
Leopardus tigrinus, commonly known as a tiger cat, a close relative of Leopardus tilcayo (Adobe Stock Photo).
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The Peak That Wasn’t There: How Forensic Labs Have Learned to Live With a 30-Year-Old Problem 

For as long as forensic scientists have run STR profiles through a capillary electrophoresis instrument, they’ve been arguing with a peak that isn’t real. 

It shows up one repeat unit smaller than the true allele and it looks enough like a genuine minor contributor that an analyst has to stop and decide if it’s actual evidence. Multiply that decision by every locus in a mixture, every case in a backlog, and you start to understand why stutter has cost forensic labs more time than almost any other artifact in DNA typing. 

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Taming the Bite: How Maxwell Takes the Fear Out of Rabies Testing

Child interacting with a baby goat at a petting zoo. Four baby goats at a mobile petting zoo tested positive for rabies after a skunk got into their enclosure. Incidents like this underscore the need for quality rabies testing.

The Centers for Disease Control in the United States is reporting a 17% increase in rabies-related inquiries in 2026 (1), and reported rabies exposures are up.  Four baby goats at a mobile petting zoo in North Carolina tested positive for the disease after a wild skunk got into their enclosure. Nearly 300 people across multiple counties, including children and residents of an assisted living facility, were evaluated for possible exposure from that event alone (2). In Maryland in July, there were two reports of two rabid beaver attacks (2). In New Jersey, a man was bitten on the leg by a rabid raccoon, and in New Hampshire, a mystery animal thought to be either a gray fox or a fisher cat attacked three people in three separate attacks (2), and in Minnesota a cow was confirmed to have rabies, exposing nine people (3). The increase in incidents is not restricted to the United States either, with seals in Cape Town, South Africa reportedly contracting the disease from land mammals with ongoing seal-to-seal transmission noted for the first time (4).

These recent developments underscore the need for quality rabies testing.

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Can GLP-1 RAs Help Me Live Longer? Well…

scientist working in a research lab

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-RAs) have transformed the treatment of diabetes and obesity and are an important advance in the successful treatment of these and maybe other chronic diseases. These medicines were originally developed to treat diabetes, with Ozempic, a semaglutide, released in 2016. In 2023 these drugs became known more generally because of their off-target effect of stimulating weight loss (1).

GLP-1 stands for “glucagon-like peptide 1”, a peptide hormone that is released from cells in the small intestine in the presence of nutrients. One of its functions is to mediate the secretion of insulin in response to these nutrients by activating the GLP-1 receptor in the pancreas.

What are some of the off-target effects of GLP-1RAs on aging that researchers are uncovering?

Several research studies of GLP-1 RAs have indicated that not only do they have the positive effects of regulating blood glucose and weight, but they have also shown benefits that include reduction of heart, liver and kidney diseases. A study published in Nature in 2026 by Feng and colleagues (2) now presents evidence that these drugs may even affect aging in a mouse model, attenuating age effects and maintaining cognition. The results are promising. The scientists looked at several recognized hallmarks of aging, including stem cell attrition, inflammation, protein folding and stability issues, and genomic stability. For both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and neural stem cells (NSCs), the authors found that treatment with semaglutide increased the regenerative capacity of the respective tissues. Furthermore, they found that in semaglutide treatment increased expression of mitochondria-related genes and the oxidative-stress response genes, increased ATP content, and reduced levels of reactive oxygen species.

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