Author: Anna Bennett

Midges on the Move: Tracking The Oropouche Virus Into New Territory

Posted on by Anna Bennett

For decades, Oropouche virus (OROV) was considered a problem limited to the Amazon Rainforest. OROV is transmitted to humans and animals through the bite of tiny blood-feeding insects called Culicoides midges. The virus causes Oropouche fever, which leads to debilitating symptoms like a high fever and severe headache1. While the virus was first isolated in Trinidad in 1955, it has since been associated primarily with outbreaks in the Amazon Basin. However, in the last two years, over 29,000 confirmed cases have been reported across the Americas, suggesting the virus has expanded well beyond its historical range.

One of the most concerning expansions is the state of Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil. Unlike the Amazon, Minas Gerais sits within the Atlantic Forest biome, a heavily fragmented landscape shaped by agriculture, urbanization, and a climate distinct from the humid tropics where OROV has traditionally circulated. With more than 1,600 cases of Oropouche fever since January 2024, a consortium of researchers from universities in Brazil and the US have combined their efforts to try to understand the urgent question: what is driving OROV transmission in this unfamiliar territory2?

Image of flies swarming in the sky.
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The Calcium-Platelet Connection in Cancer Metastasis 

Posted on by Anna Bennett

Most cancer-related deaths from solid tumors aren’t caused by the primary tumor itself, but are the result of metastasis. Metastasis is the process by which cancer cells break away from the primary tumor, travel through the bloodstream and establish new tumors in distant tissues. This is a complex, multi-step process and cancer researchers have spent decades trying to understand and disrupt the metastatic cascade. What is known: platelets and calcium play important roles in metastasis. What is unknown: How do these two factors interact?  

Here, we explore a recent study published in Scientific Reports by researchers at George Washington University1. They investigate how calcium levels influence platelet-cancer cell interactions and what happens when both factors converge.  

red blood cells,activated platelet and white blood cells microscopic photos
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The Molecular Blueprint for Virus-Resistant Cowpea

Posted on by Anna Bennett

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), a humble tan and black legume, is one of the most important food crops in the world. Grown across sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and parts of the Americas, Cowpea provides protein-rich nutrition for hundreds of millions of people, making it a cornerstone of smallholder agriculture. But cowpea production faces a persistent threat: the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), a common virus that can devastate yields across entire growing regions.

A dark background with a wooden spoon holding tan and black beans scattered on the spoon and on the background.

What makes CABMV particularly difficult to combat is how the virus infects its host. Instead of relying on viral translational machinery, the virus hijacks the plant’s systems to replicate. CABMV targets a protein called eIF4E, a translation initiation factor that the plant needs to read its own genetic instructions and produce proteins. The virus produces a protein, VPg, that binds directly to eIF4E and redirects the plant’s translational machinery to produce viral proteins instead. The plant can’t simply get rid of eIF4E. Without it, protein synthesis stalls. So how can cowpea defend itself against a virus that exploits one of its most essential proteins?

A new study published in Agronomy by researchers at the Federal University of Pernambuco, the Federal University of Minas Gerais, and Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia takes a comprehensive look at this problem from the inside out1. The team characterized all three members of the eIF4E gene family in cowpea  (eIF4E, eIF(iso)4E, and nCBP) across six cultivated varieties (cultivars) with known contrasting responses to CABMV infection. Two of those cultivars (Bajão and IT85F-2687) are resistant to the virus; the other four (Boca Negra, BR14 Mulato, Pingo de Ouro, and Santo Inácio) are susceptible to the virus.

Using a multi-omics approach that combined genomic, evolutionary and structural analyses, the researchers set out to answer a fundamental question: what makes some versions of eIF4E exploitable by the virus, and others not?

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Piecing Together the Primate Gut Microbiome: Known Residents and Novel Species

Posted on by Anna Bennett

If you’ve read anything about the gut microbiome in the last decade, you’ve probably encountered a familiar setup: researchers collect stool samples, sequence the microbial DNA, and draw conclusions about gut health based on what microbes populate the gut. It’s a practical approach because stool is relatively easy to collect and doesn’t require invasive procedures. But how well does a stool sample represent the health of the entire intestinal tract?

A team of researchers at the Quadram Institute Bioscience and UK Health Security Agency set out to answer this question in primates1. They characterized the intestinal microbiome of cynomolgus macaques, a primate commonly used in biomedical research because of its genetic and physiological similarities to humans. Rather than relying on stool alone, the team collected samples from six distinct regions along the intestinal tract in 24 captive-bred animals ranging in age from 4 to 20 years.

Four hands putting jigsaw puzzle pieces with image of large intestine together.
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Down the Rabbit Hole: The Search for New England’s Disappearing Cottontail

Posted on by Anna Bennett

Connecticut is a small yet ecologically interesting state. Over 85% of the human population lives in cities, yet more than 60% of the land is covered by forest, creating a diverse mix of habitats where wildlife and urban life overlap. In this landscape, bobcats have staged an impressive comeback over the past several decades, reclaiming their role as one of the region’s top predators. But as bobcat numbers rise, a quieter story is unfolding alongside them: the New England cottontail, the region’s only native rabbit, is vanishing.

a brown rabbit facing the camera with grass in the background.
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How Enzymes Are Powering A New Generation of Micro-Robots

Posted on by Anna Bennett
Cute, tiny robot. White body, black features, and blue glowing eyes.

Many consider enzymes the workhorses of biochemistry (move over, mitochondria)—catalyzing reactions, breaking down substrates, keeping the machinery of life humming along. But a growing number of researchers are re-envisioning what enzymes can do. Instead of facilitating chemistry, what if enzymes could steer and even guide tiny robots to a tumor? 

That’s exactly what’s happening in the rapidly expanding field of enzyme-powered microscopic robots (a.k.a “microrobots”). Microrobots are tiny, engineered devices—often smaller than the width of a human hair—built to perform tasks inside the body that would be difficult or impossible at a larger scale, like delivering drugs to a specific tissue. A recent paper published in Nature Nanotechnology by a team of researchers at California Institute of Technology and the University of Southern California offers a particularly elegant example that we highlight below1.

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A New View of Protein Degradation with HiBiT and Live Cell Imaging

Posted on by Anna Bennett

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is an emerging drug discovery strategy that offers an entirely different approach to tackle disease-relevant proteins, including classic “undruggable” targets. Instead of inhibiting protein function, small molecules like PROTACs and molecular glues co-opt the cell’s own ubiquitin-proteasome system to eliminate specific proteins altogether. But as this targeted approach gains traction, it also challenges existing methods for validating compound activity.  

How do you confirm that degradation is happening in a biologically-relevant system? Can you validate protein degradation in real-time?  

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HiBiT-Based NanoBRET® Assay Sheds Light on GPCR–Ligand Binding in Live Cells

Posted on by Anna Bennett

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most important drug targets in human biology, mediating signals across nearly every physiological system. But not all GPCRs are equally easy to study—especially those that interact with peptide ligands. These ligands tend to be flexible, fast-moving, and hard to trace in live cells by standard methods. Historically, radioligand binding assays have filled this gap, offering a way to measure peptide–receptor interactions with high sensitivity. However, these assays are typically performed using isolated membrane preparations or cells under non-physiological conditions, and they don’t allow for real-time or kinetic measurements.

Artistic Image of Hibit Tag

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Understanding Wnt Signaling Through β-Catenin Localization in Live Cells

Posted on by Anna Bennett

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway, long studied in the context of developmental biology, has become increasingly recognized for its role in a wide range of human diseases. Its dysregulation has been implicated in cancer, fibrosis, immune modulation, and neurodegenerative conditions—making it a clinically actionable target across diverse therapeutic areas1. In this blog, we cover the fundamentals of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, highlight ongoing research efforts to understand its role in disease, and show how combining live-cell imaging with luminescent assays complements functional studies.

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Modified Nucleotides in IVT: Small Changes, Big Impact 

Posted on by Anna Bennett

In our final blog post on double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), we turn our attention to the chemical building blocks of mRNA therapeutics—modified nucleotides. These seemingly minor changes to the RNA sequence play a crucial role in the success of mRNA-based vaccines and treatments. However, they also introduce complexities in accurately detecting and quantifying unwanted dsRNA byproducts— key steps in ensuring the therapeutic efficacy of your mRNA product. 

What Are Modified Nucleotides? 

Modified nucleotides are ribonucleotides containing chemically altered nucleosides — like specialty ingredients swapped into a classic recipe to improve taste and nutrition. Just as a chef might use a lactose-free milk or gluten-free flour to make a dish easier to digest without changing its core structure, scientists use chemically altered nucleosides during in vitro transcription (IVT) to improve how mRNA therapies perform. These modifications replace their natural counterparts (e.g., uridine or cytidine) in the final RNA product. Their incorporation improves the performance and safety of mRNA therapeutics in several ways: 

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