The Template That Stayed Behind: Why DNA Removal After In Vitro Transcription Is Harder Than It Looks

In Vitro Transcription

Every in vitro transcription (IVT) reaction starts with DNA you put there on purpose. A linearized plasmid or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) template goes in, the polymerase does its work and a few hours later you have RNA, often a lot of it. The template’s job is done.

In theory, a quick DNase step takes care of the rest.

In practice, the template doesn’t always leave quietly.

The DNA you added is the hardest DNA to remove

In an IVT reaction, the DNA was added deliberately, often in microgram amounts. It sits in a buffer designed to make the polymerase as productive as possible, which is not the same as making DNase productive.

That’s the trade-off at the center of IVT cleanup. The easiest place to digest the template is the reaction tube, right after transcription, with no extra purification step. But IVT reactions carry high ionic strength and a crowded mix of other components, conditions that suppress the activity of many DNase I enzymes (1,2). The reaction is good at making RNA and bad at getting rid of what made it.

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Where Science Meets Art: 30 Years of the Promega Art Showcase

On September 17, 2026, the Promega Art Showcase opened its fall exhibition, the 14th PhotoMidwest Biennial Juried Exhibition. Sixty-five photographs by photographers in 13 Midwestern states are on display in the Promega BioPharmaceutical Technology Center (BTC).

This exhibition opening marked another notable occasion – the Promega Art Showcase is honoring its 30th anniversary. Since 1996, Promega has hosted the showcase to celebrate the intersection of art and science. Dozens of professional artists have displayed their work at Promega, connecting Promega employees and the Madison-area community with exhibits exploring the human condition.

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Internships at Promega: What Did You Learn?

Each summer, nearly every department at Promega welcomes interns onto their teams. In only three months, these interns make critical contributions to the business and leave with valuable experiences to complement their education.

Four interns shared thoughts on their time at Promega, and how their accomplishments connect to their educational journeys.

Brady Anderson, Scientific Applications Intern, shares his work applying PCR tools to agricultural testing.

Eva Eckel, Environmental Health & Safety (EH&S) Intern, connects three different rotations to her coursework in environmental science.

Ethan Hazra, Process Engineer Co-Op, recalls the rewarding challenge of repairing equipment in an environmental control room.

Ashley Leighton, Corporate Hospitality Intern, describes how she helped her team improve their metrics analysis.

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Under Pressure: The Nuclear Choreography upon Replicative Stress

Today’s blog is guest-written by Jana Krietsch (University of Zurich), edited by Nour Mozaffari (Promega)

Each time a cell divides, it must make an accurate copy of its entire genome—in human cells, this means roughly 6.2 billion individual DNA building blocks to duplicate. This enormous molecular task takes place inside the nucleus, a crowded, highly organized, yet remarkably dynamic environment. As the DNA-copying machinery moves along the genome, it may encounter roadblocks such as damaged DNA, sequences that are difficult to copy, tightly packed chromatin, or other molecular processes using the same DNA at the same time. These obstacles can slow or stall replication, a phenomenon known as DNA replication stress.

A Hidden Vulnerability of Cancer Cells

Cells are well equipped to deal with replication stress. Depending on the type and severity of the problem, they activate specialized signaling and repair mechanisms that protect replicating DNA. Failure of these responses can jeopardize genome integrity and result in permanent genetic changes that contribute to disease development.

In cancer, oncogenic changes and rapid proliferation places tumor cells under persistent replication stress. This promotes genome instability, a cancer hallmark, and drives tumor evolution. At the same time, it makes cancer cells hyper-dependent on replication stress response mechanisms to survive, creating a hidden vulnerability. Several treatments exploit this Achilles’ heel by increasing replication stress levels beyond what cancer cells can tolerate.

From Sequential Model to Dynamic Choreography

Many stress response pathways have been successfully reconstituted in the test tube. They are typically described as linear sequence of events triggered when an active replication site, termed replication fork, encounters a roadblock: the fork encounters an obstacle, its structure changes, signaling proteins are activated, repair factors are recruited, and DNA synthesis eventually resumes.

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What Do Floods Leave Behind? Research on Waterborne Pathogens in Soil after Flooding

Agricultural soils in floodplain areas face contamination from waterborne pathogens during flooding events, yet characterization of these microbial communities remains limited. Furtak and Marzec-Grządziel investigated potentially pathogenic microorganisms in cultivated soils from the Vistula River valley in Poland, comparing soil samples collected before and during simulated flooding conditions.

The Vistula River. Flooding events can deposit waterborne pathogens into adjacent agricultural areas.
Aerial view of the Vistula River in Poland at sunset in spring
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The Hidden Costs of “Good Enough” Extraction

The translational oncology landscape has changed dramatically in the past two decades, and with it, the demands on the laboratories doing this work. Today’s translational oncology workflows require DNA and RNA from the same FFPE tissue section, cell-free DNA from large plasma volumes, and nucleic acids from heterogeneous batches of sample types processed in a single run. The analyte diversity has increased dramatically, and at the same time, the downstream assays interrogating those samples have grown more sensitive. The operational pressures have grown alongside the scientific ones. Labs are processing more samples than ever, but not with proportionally more staff. Same-day extraction to analysis is increasingly the expectation, not the exception. All of that change and complexity lands at the extraction step first.

Scientist holding up an FFPE tissue sample. Such samples are vital for nucleic acid extraction required for retroactive studies.

Extraction has long been treated as the step before the experiment, the part you complete before the real work begins. However, as these pressures on the translational laboratory grow, overlooking potential issues with extraction could be disastrous, particularly for labs working with limited, irreplaceable samples, because pre-analytical variability at the extraction step propagates through every downstream process. When extraction is overlooked, information in a sample can be lost and with it the insight into the biological question your downstream assay is asking.

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Measuring What Matters in Metabolic Research: A Bioluminescent Toolkit

This guest blog post is written by Aisosa Omere, Product Marketing Intern at Promega.

Metabolic diseases fundamentally arise from disrupted cellular communication. In type 2 diabetes, cellular responsiveness to insulin is impaired. Within cancer, tumors alter their metabolic pathways to gain a proliferative advantage. In both conditions, dysfunction extends beyond individual molecules or pathways and involves a complex, interconnected network of metabolites, enzymes, and signaling molecules that dynamically respond to environmental changes. Traditional approaches to studying these networks often required a compromise: stopping experiments, lysing cells, and analyzing the resulting components. Although effective, this method is inherently limited. It captures a snapshot of what was present, rather than how the biology was actually behaving.

That compromise is becoming less necessary. The evolution of bioluminescent tools is changing what is possible. Some allow researchers to watch protein behavior and drug engagement directly in living cells in real time. Others offer faster, more sensitive detection of metabolites at physiologically relevant concentrations, and are compatible enough to run multiple assays from the same experiment, making coordinated, multi-pathway profiling practical in a standard lab setting.

An analysis of eighteen peer-reviewed publications from 2025 and 2026 shows just how quickly these approaches are taking hold across metabolic disease research. What follows explores the tools making this possible and why this shift represents one of the most consequential methodological changes in metabolic disease research in recent years.

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Advancing Canine Cancer Immunotherapy through One Health Comparative Oncology Research

The Case for Canine Immunotherapy

Cancer does not respect species boundaries. Each year more than four million dogs are diagnosed with cancer (1), making it the leading disease related cause of death in the canine population. Osteosarcoma, lymphoma, mast cell tumors and mammary carcinomas are among the most prevalent (1). In many cases, these tumors in dogs bear striking biological and molecular similarities to their human counterparts.

This convergence is the foundation of the Comparative Oncology (2) framework and One Health Initiatives. Companion pets, like dogs and cats, share our environments, our lifestyles and increasingly our therapeutic challenges. When research advances in veterinary oncology, it can open windows into human disease as well.

Comparative oncology integrates the advances and research of veterinary science. Dog and cat against a background of antibodies.
Comparative oncology integrates the advances and research of veterinary science, especially those of companion animals like dogs and cats, into more general oncology research, advancing the entire field of oncology.

What Veterinary Checkpoint Immunotherapy Brings to Comparative Oncology

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ISO 14001 in Biotech: What It Means for Life Science Researchers

This blog is guest-authored by Corey Meek, Corporate Responsibility Program Manager

Promega has achieved ISO 14001 certification for environmental management systems.

Over the past few years, we’ve noticed that our customers’ procurement teams are increasingly asking us about ISO 14001 certification. As a company that has long set ambitious sustainability goals, we have been heartened to see more labs and life science companies incorporating environmental impact into their planning and purchasing. To support our customers looking for external validation of environmental management, we announced in mid-2025 that Promega Madison has achieved ISO 14001:2015 certification.

ISO 14001 certification goes far beyond reporting and reducing our carbon footprint. It represents how we integrate environmental sustainability across complex operations to achieve ambitious environmental objectives. For scientists evaluating potential suppliers, it signals our commitment to sustainability without compromising the product consistency and reliability your lab depends on.

What is ISO 14001?

ISO 14001 is an internationally recognized standard that defines requirements for environmental management systems. This captures the processes we use to identify, control and reduce our environmental impacts. Unlike regulations that set specific pollution limits, ISO 14001 establishes a framework that includes setting environmental objectives, implementing operational controls, monitoring performance and driving continual improvement. The standard mandates leadership accountability and requires a third-party audit, annual surveillance and recertification every three years.

In practice, this means that we document every significant environmental aspect of our operations, from chemical waste streams in manufacturing to energy consumption in our facilities. We establish controls for each: procedures for handling hazardous materials, protocols for managing wastewater, systems for tracking energy use. We document incidents, investigate root causes, train employees and implement corrective actions to stay on target. Third-party auditors verify annually that these systems are functioning effectively and meeting the requirements of the ISO 14001 standard.

Our certification isn’t a one-time checkbox; it’s a commitment to continual improvement through the same management disciplines used in quality systems. We identify risks and establish operational controls for significant environmental aspects. When issues arise, we use structured nonconformance and corrective action processes.

How Does Environmental Management Connect to Quality and Supply Chain Reliability?

ISO 14001 and ISO 9001 (Quality Management Systems) share fundamental processes such as document control, training and competence requirements, change control procedures, nonconformance and corrective action (NC/CAPA) systems, equipment controls and internal audit protocols.

At Promega, all our major manufacturing and R&D sites are covered by both certifications. When we evaluate changes through our change control process, we assess both quality and environmental implications simultaneously. The partnership between our quality assurance and environmental management teams strengthens both systems and reduces operational blind spots.

This integration is important because environmental management doesn’t operate separately from product development and manufacturing. Hazardous materials handling, for example, requires environmental compliance, worker safety protocols and quality control simultaneously. The discipline required for ISO 14001 certification directly supports the manufacturing consistency researchers depend on for reproducible results. Environmental incident management and emergency response protocols reduce disruptions that could affect product availability and distribution.

What sustainability metrics are we measuring?

 ISO 14001 certification requires us to establish measurable environmental objectives and monitor our performance against them. Our organizational objectives include regulatory compliance verification, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, water consumption reduction and waste reduction. For example, we’re currently managing 87% of our hazardous waste through reclamation and recovery methods.

These objectives are monitored through multiple mechanisms: energy consumption and natural gas usage tracking, environmental incident documentation and analysis, internal and external compliance inspections, third-party assessment, and regular management review of performance data.

These quantifiable objectives are more powerful than aspirational statements. Annual third-party audits provide independent verification of our environmental performance. When procurement teams evaluate suppliers, they can choose to rely on ISO 14001 certification rather than conducting their own environmental audits. Most importantly, we approach sustainability strategically and responsibly by building robust processes rather than looking for quick wins. This means our gains are scalable, while safeguarding the consistency researchers using Promega products need for reproducible results.

ISO 14001 at Promega: Looking ahead

This certification requires us to demonstrate through third-party audits that our environmental management systems are effective over time. By focusing on measurable objectives and continuous improvement, we’re reducing our environmental impact in responsible ways that align with established standards and expectations.

In upcoming articles, we’ll explore how these ISO 14001 principles apply to processes and operations at Promega. Environmental management isn’t an isolated program; it’s infused in everything we do, from early product development to shipping of ready-to-use kits. As sustainability becomes increasingly important in procurement decisions, we’re committed to the environmental transparency and operational discipline that support your research goals.


Corey Meek is the Corporate Responsibility Program Manager at Promega.

Learn more about Promega Corporate Responsibility at https://www.promega.com/corporate-responsibility-csr/


When Cancer Research Depends on Quality RNA: Maxwell® RSC in the Lab

Reliable molecular research starts with reliable sample preparation. Two recently published cancer biology studies illustrate this well, and both studies relied on the Maxwell® RSC platform to extract RNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue, the archival format that makes up the bulk of clinical pathology material.

With Maxwell Instruments and chemistries for FFPE samples, RNA quality is suitable for many critical assays.

Mapping Molecular Targets in a Rare Thyroid Cancer

A 2025 study published in Endocrine Pathology focused on poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), a rare and aggressive thyroid cancer subtype with limited treatment options once surgery is no longer curative (1). The research question was straightforward but clinically urgent: how many PDTC cases harbor mutations that could be targeted with existing or emerging therapies?

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