Hot Off the Seep: Novel Cyanobacteria with Hefty Implications for Carbon Cycling

Cyanobacteria, microscopic photosynthetic bacteria, have been quietly shaping our planet for billions of years. Responsible for producing the oxygen we breathe, these tiny organisms play a critical role in the global carbon cycle and are now stepping into the spotlight for another reason: their potential to both understand and potentially combat climate change. 

Image of Volcano Island (Baia di Levante) in Italy where the cyanobacterial strains were isolated. Image contains rock formations and a body of water in the foreground with more rock formations in the background.
Baia di Levente. Marine, volcanic seeps in Italy where UTEX 3221 and UTEX 3222 were discovered. Image credit: Adobe Stock.

Recently, researchers discovered two new strains of cyanobacteria, UTEX 3221 and UTEX 3222, thriving in a marine volcanic seep off the coast of Italy. While cyanobacteria are virtually everywhere there is water and light—from calm freshwater ponds to extreme environments like Yellowstone’s hot springs—this particular habitat is remarkable for its naturally high CO₂ levels and acidic conditions. For these newly identified strains, a geochemical setting like marine volcanic seeps have likely driven the evolution of unique traits that could make them valuable for carbon sequestration and industrial applications. 

Continue reading “Hot Off the Seep: Novel Cyanobacteria with Hefty Implications for Carbon Cycling”

Live-Cell Imaging: It’s Time to See What Else Your Luminescence Assays Can Tell You

luminescent cells behind a molecular structure

Luminescent live-cell assays are powerful tools for cellular biology research. They offer both qualitative and quantitative insights into processes such as gene expression, cell viability, metabolic activity, protein and small molecule interactions, and targeted protein degradation. But what if you could go beyond the numbers and actually see what is happening in your cells? With luminescent imaging, you have the opportunity to uncover more dynamic data by visualizing what happens with your cells in real time.

Why Luminescent Imaging?

Bioluminescent reporters such as NanoLuc® Luciferase reporters are well-suited for use in bioluminescent imaging studies. The extreme brightness means that exposure times can be reduced, compared to the time required for other luminescent reporter proteins. Its small size also makes it less likely to perturb the normal biology or functionality.

Another benefit of bioluminescence for imaging is the inherent stability and sustainability of the bioluminescent signal, which does not require external excitation like fluorescent tags.  This allows direct visualization of protein dynamics in living cells without the need for repeated sample excitation. The lack of external excitation also reduces the risk of phototoxicity and photobleaching, common issues that can adversely affect cell viability and signal integrity over time.

Applications Across Cellular Research

Luminescent imaging complements traditional luminescence assays by adding spatial and temporal dimensions. With luminescent live-cell imaging, researchers can visualize NanoLuc® Luciferase assays to gain a deeper understanding of the real-time cellular processes occurring in each experiment. Applications include:

  • Determining which cells provide signal
  • Analyzing mixed cell populations
  • Identifying rare events
  • Monitoring protein:protein interactions
  • Identifying protein localization and translocation
  • Tracking protein degradation and stability over time
  • Visualizing ligand:protein interactions (target engagement)

Luminescent Imaging in Action

Targeted Protein Degradation

Selectively targeting proteins for removal from the cell—instead of inhibiting protein activity—is a newer approach with therapeutic potential. In this method, the protein is targeted for degradation using the cell’s natural ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). The degradation process is initiated by compounds such as molecular glues and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) linking the target protein to an E3 ligase. Once this linkage occurs, the cell’s UPS does the rest.

Luminescent substrates with increased signal stability, such as the Nano-Glo® Extended Live Cell Substrate, enables researchers to image targeted protein degradation in their cells in real time. In the example shown below, Nano-Glo® Vivazine™ Live Cell Substrate was used to image degradation of the GSPT1 protein by the CC-885 degrader over 5 hours.

gif showing luminescent signal disappearing with protein degradation

Targeted protein degradation over time. HEK293 cells expressing endogenous HiBiT-tagged GSPT1 and stably expressing LgBiT were treated with CC-885 degrader or DMSO control treatment. Assayed with Nano-Glo® Vivazine™ Live Cell Substrate and imaged over 5 hours using GloMax® Galaxy Bioluminescence Imager.

Combining Luminescent and Fluorescent Imaging to Detect Protein:Small Molecule Interactions

Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assays such as NanoBRET® assays allows you to detect protein:protein interactions by measuring energy transfer from a bioluminescent protein donor to a fluorescent protein acceptor. These assays can be used to monitor changes in protein interactions over time, making them a useful tool for small-molecule screening.

The schematic below illustrates how the NanoBRET® NanoGlo® Detection Systems can be used to visualize target engagement. The cells on the left are expressing a NanoLuc® fusion protein, resulting in a luminescent signal. Adding a fluorescent small tracer (center) results in energy transfer and a fluorescent signal (right). Using an imaging platform that has luminescence and fluorescence imaging capabilities will let you see this energy transfer in action.

schematic showing cells detected by luminescent and fluorescent imaging
Detecting protein:small molecule interactions with NanoBRET® NanoGlo® Detection Systems.  HCT116 cells expressing a PRMT5–NanoLuc® fusion were supplemented with a fluorescent small molecule tracer (center panel). Before tracer addition, luminescent signal indicates energy is present on the donor protein (left; 3-minute exposures for 15 minutes). Binding of fluorescent tracer results in energy transfer and fluorescent signal (right; 3-minute exposures for 60 minutes). Images were captured on the GloMax® Galaxy Bioluminescence Imager.

Bringing the Power of Luminescent Imaging to Your Lab

glomax galaxy imager and computer screen

Having the right tools is critical to unlocking the full potential of bioluminescence imaging. The GloMax® Galaxy Bioluminescence Imager is uniquely positioned to offer researchers the power of imaging in an accessible, benchtop instrument. The Galaxy is a fully equipped microscope that can visualize output from NanoLuc® Technologies and offers luminescence, fluorescence and brightfield imaging capabilities. By offering a user-friendly platform for live-cell luminescent imaging, the GloMax® Galaxy empowers researchers to enrich their understanding of functional and dynamic cellular events across a cell population.

Conclusion

Luminescent imaging can enrich what we learn from live-cell assays and offers an unprecedented view into the dynamics of cellular processes. From monitoring drug responses to visualizing protein interactions, this technology delivers insights that go beyond the capabilities of traditional assays.

Whether you’re studying cancer biology, drug development or cellular signaling, luminescent imaging can help you uncover what’s hidden in your data and see your research in a whole new light.

Additional Resources

GloMax® Galaxy Luminescent Imager, NanoBRET® Nano-Glo® Detection Systems and Nano-Glo® Vivazine live Cell Substrate are for Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.


Academic Access to Cutting-Edge Tools Fuels Macular Degeneration Discovery

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common eye disease that can result in progressive loss of vision. While AMD typically affects older adults, a specific rare type of AMD called Malattia Leventinese/Doyne honeycomb retinal dystrophy (ML/DHRD) can appear as early as the teenage years. Although ML/DHRD is rare, its study may provide insights into broader mechanisms of retinal degeneration, which could benefit millions affected by AMD.  

While the genetic cause of ML/DHRD is known, there have been no small molecule inhibitors identified that reduce the production of the disease-causing protein. However, researchers from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and the University of Minnesota recently published a paper that describes a small-molecule inhibitor that addresses the primary pathology of ML/DHRD. In the paper, titled “GSK3 inhibition reduces ECM production and prevents age-related macular degeneration-like pathology,” the team used CRISPR-engineered cell lines to study production of the disease-causing protein in response to treatment with inhibitors. The work was supported by the Promega Academic Access Program, which helped defray the costs of needed reagents. Their results point to future strategies for developing therapeutics at the currently incurable disease.

Continue reading “Academic Access to Cutting-Edge Tools Fuels Macular Degeneration Discovery”

Soft Skills for the Science Lab: Develop Yourself with Promega

Soft-skills such as presentation skills, time management and project management are essential for success in the science lab.

Preparing samples, conducting test series with cell cultures, or writing laboratory reports. Laboratory tasks cover a broad range of activities. Technical assistants support researchers in performing and evaluating experiments or carrying out laboratory tests in the medical field. A lab without them? Hard to imagine. However, it is not just scientific and technical understanding that is important. “Certain soft skills are necessary to be successful in your job. This also applies to the scientific field,” says Anette Leue, Head of Digital Marketing & Communications at Promega GmbH. “The focus is often on technical skills, while personal development is neglected. This inspired us to come up with our ‘Develop Yourself with Promega’ program.”

What is Develop Yourself with Promega?

“Develop Yourself with Promega” is a training series for laboratory personnel, focusing on personal development. It covers topics such as “How do I present my results in an interesting and structured way?” or “What do I need to make my lab more sustainable?” The aim is to expand professional competencies through soft-skill training. “At the beginning, we conducted a survey with our partner, the Life Science Learning Lab (in German Glaesernes Labor) in Berlin, among technical assistants to find out which topics are important to them,” Leue continues. These insights became the starting point for the first four trainings:

  • Green your lab: How can my lab become more sustainable?
  • Presentation training: A few steps to a good presentation
  • Project management in everyday lab work
  • Time management for technical assistants
Continue reading “Soft Skills for the Science Lab: Develop Yourself with Promega”

Novel Promega Enzyme Tackles Biggest Challenge in DNA Forensics

On September 25, Promega Research Scientist David Mokry addressed a full audience at the International Symposium on Human Identification. The event brings together people from the forensic DNA industry – criminalists, analysts, lab directors and more – eager to learn about advancements in the field. Over the next 20 minutes, David unveiled a novel enzyme designed to tackle a challenge that has plagued DNA forensics for decades.

Known as “Reduced Stutter Polymerase,” the new enzyme virtually eliminates confounding stutter artifacts in forensic DNA analysis. When incorporated into STR analysis kits, it will dramatically simplify mixed sample deconvolution and help forensic analysts generate accurate profiles of multiple contributors. This technology is the result of years of collaboration between the Genetic Identity R&D Group and the Advanced Technology Group at Promega.

Here’s how they did it, and why it’s so important.

Continue reading “Novel Promega Enzyme Tackles Biggest Challenge in DNA Forensics”

Tardigrade Proteins Might Solve the Cold Chain Problem for Biologics

image depicting a microscopic tardigrade

Some of our most advanced medicines today rely on components derived from living organisms. These therapeutics, called biologics, include things like vaccines, blood products like Human Blood Clotting Factor VIII (FVIII), antibodies and stem cells. Biologics are incredibly temperature sensitive, which means they need to be kept cold during production, transport and storage, a process collectively called the cold chain. The stringent transport and storage temperature requirements for biologics create a barrier to accessing these lifesaving options; particularly for those in remote or underdeveloped regions, where maintaining a cold chain is logistically difficult and costly.

But what if we could break the cold chain? Inspired by one of the most resilient creatures on Earth – the tardigrade – scientists at the University of Wyoming are exploring ways to do just that.

Continue reading “Tardigrade Proteins Might Solve the Cold Chain Problem for Biologics”

Promega Summer Interns Contribute Skills and Ideas from Logistics to R&D

Internships at Promega aren’t about getting coffee for your boss or shredding thousands of old papers. Promega interns take responsibility for complex projects that create notable impacts for their teams, our customers, or Promega as a whole.

Promega hosted 56 interns over the summer in 2024. These students came with unique skills in science, engineering, marketing, IT and so much more. We asked several of them to write about the work they did, as well as the results and benefits they created.

Continue reading “Promega Summer Interns Contribute Skills and Ideas from Logistics to R&D”

High School Interns Get Hands-On Experience in Promega R&D

High school interns Tessara Clark and Evelyn Zadzilka work in the lab during their Maydm internships in Promega R&D
Tess (left) and Evie (right) spent the summer after high school graduation interning in Promega R&D.

If she weren’t working at Promega, Evie Zadzilka probably would’ve spent the summer after high school graduation taking summer classes before reporting to her freshman year at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She runs a small art business, and she might’ve spent more time taking commissions.

Instead, Evie spent the summer before college as an intern in Promega R&D, honing her pipetting skills as she learns about primer design and contributing to the development of a new Promega assay.

“I’ve had a great time,” she says. “I’ll definitely take a lot with me from this experience. I’m so glad I got to do it.”

Evie and her fellow intern Tess Clark were the two high school-aged interns placed at Promega through a relationship with a Madison-based nonprofit called Maydm. This organization helps girls and youth of color in grades 6-12 prepare for careers in STEM by providing educational opportunities and experiences. Through school and summer programs, they strive to disrupt systemic barriers by empowering students like Evie to pursue their dreams as entrepreneurs, developers, engineers and more.

“This will really boost my confidence when I get into lab work next year,” Evie says.

High School Internships at Promega

Tessara Clark and Evelyn Zadzilka work in the lab during their Maydm high school internships in Promega R&D
Tess and Evie were placed in Promega internships through the non-profit organization Maydm.

During their senior year of high school, Tess and Evie were both enrolled in dual-credit courses through Madison College. These classes made them eligible to apply for a high school internship through Maydm.

“I’ve been interested in research for a very long time,” says Tess, another recent school graduate preparing to enter the University of Wisconsin-Madison. “I’m going to major in physics next year, and I don’t have many ties to the biotechnology or chemistry I’ve worked with at Promega. But I wanted hands-on lab experience, so that’s how I ended up here.”

Continue reading “High School Interns Get Hands-On Experience in Promega R&D”

A Peek Behind the Scenes: Young Researchers Visit Promega Madison

Young Researcher Award recipients 2024
Young Researcher Award winners Alexandre Lalande, Margaux Cochard and Emmanuel Heilman (L to R) visited Promega Madison in June 2024.

Earlier this summer, Promega Madison welcomed three rising researchers from Europe for an immersive experience on the company’s main campus. Alexandre Lalande (PhD student, International Center for Infectiology Research, France), Margaux Cochard (Post-Doc, University of the Littoral Opal Coast, France) and Emmanuel Heilman (Post-Doc, Medical University of Innsbruck) were selected as Young Researcher Award winners by Promega France and Promega Germany. Their prize trip to the United States included tours of Promega facilities, conversations with Promega leaders and research scientists and hands-on training with emerging technologies.

“It’s really interesting to see how Promega manages to find harmony between the science, the people and the business,” Alexandre says. “When you arrive here you immediately feel comfortable.”

Meeting Industry Scientists

Alexandre says that he has always imagined himself working in academia doing basic research, but he never totally ruled out opportunities in industry.

Continue reading “A Peek Behind the Scenes: Young Researchers Visit Promega Madison”

The Marvel of Malate: A Crucial Component in Cellular Energy Metabolism

Today’s blog written by guest author Kim Haupt.

Cellular energy metabolism is a complex biological process that relies on a suite of metabolites, each with distinct roles to maintain. Malate is one of these metabolites and is essential for maintaining cellular function through important roles in both energy production and redox homeostasis. In this blog, we highlight malate’s diverse roles and uncover some of its connections to human disease. 

Illustration of energy metablism in cell.
Continue reading “The Marvel of Malate: A Crucial Component in Cellular Energy Metabolism”